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Installation Techniques

Types of Fiber Splices Used
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Mechanical splices hold two cleaved fiber ends together. A viscous substance called "index matching gel", pre-installed in the splice body, helps to reduce fresnel reflections and optical attenuation.

Mechanical splices are low cost, quick to install, and can provide a quality fiber connection. Because they are highly reflective, mechanical splices are usually used on multimode fiber.

Fusion splices are the highest quality splices available to the fiber optic installer. Fusion splicers are complex machines that weld two fiber ends together. When properly performed, a fusion splice will have less than .1dB of loss, and will have no reflection, as the light rays do not pass through a boundary to create the fresnel effect-the two fiber ends have been melted into one.

Fusion splicers require careful setup and complete cleanliness for proper performance. Environmental conditions such as humidity, room temperature, and barometric pressure can cause poor splices. The splicer will have field adjustments that can adjust for adverse conditions. It may take a few experimental splices with various settings to compensate for difficult conditions.

1 Once welded, fusion splices are usually enclosed in a heat-shrink tube for protection. These protective sleeves have a metal bar to add strength to the splice, and to provide additional protection. Most splicers have a built-in oven to heat the protective sleeves.
LESSON REVIEW

Key Points:

1. Added the expected length loss to the expected losses from connector pairs and splices provides an optical budget estimate for a fiber link.

2. Links should be tested with an optical loss meter set to verify link calculations.

3. If the loss meter test indicates higher than expected loss, there is either problems with the installation or the original calculation is incorrect.

Pop Quiz:
True or False

Multimode fiber links will have more loss at 1300nm than at 850nm.

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